Indikator Utama Kemuliaan Derajat Manusia dalam Perspektif Al-Qur’an

Abstrak

In social life, there are various standards for assessing human nobility. One prominent notion in contemporary social contexts is the propagation of the idea that lineage (nasab) is the primary determinant of human excellence. The Qur’an emphasizes that true nobility is not determined by biological factors or social status, but by piety and righteous deeds. This study aims to critically examine the concept of human nobility from the Qur’anic perspective and to evaluate the validity of claims of nobility based on lineage prevalent among Muslim communities. This research employs a thematic (maudhū‘ī) tafsir methodology by analyzing key Qur’anic verses concerning human nobility, such as QS. Al-Isrā’:70, QS. Al-Hujurāt:13, and QS. As-Sajdah:9. The analysis incorporates the study of asbāb al-nuzūl (contexts of revelation), integration of Prophetic hadiths, and Arabic linguistic approaches covering nahw (syntax), sharaf (morphology), and balāghah (rhetoric). Furthermore, the study examines classical and contemporary exegetical views, including those of Al-Ṭabarī, Al-Rāzī, Ibn Kathīr, and As-Sa‘dī. The findings indicate that the Qur’an systematically constructs a concept of human nobility that is universal and meritocratic while rejecting the theological legitimacy of claims to nobility based on lineage. The novelty of this study lies in formulating a critical conceptual framework of human nobility based on an integration of linguistic and contextual tafsir, explicitly employed to deconstruct socio-religious constructions of lineage-based distinction, affirming piety (taqwā, التقوى) as a transendent ethical standard applicable in contemporary social realities. Consequently, this study offers a Qur’anic perspective relevant for addressing practices of social hierarchy based on lineage within Muslim societies.