Menabung (Iddikhār) dan Menimbun Kekayaan (Kanz Al-Māl) dalam Al-Qur’an

Distingsi dan Implikasi Sosial

Abstrak

This article examines the conceptual distinction between iddikhār (saving/reserve accumulation) and kanz (hoarding of wealth) in the Qur’an through a thematic (mawḍū‘ī) and comparative exegetical approach. It focuses on two key passages: Q.S. Yūsuf [12]: 47–49 as a model of strategic reserve in times of crisis, and Q.S. al-Taubah [9]: 34–35 as a critique of accumulating wealth while neglecting its social obligations. Existing scholarship tends to treat these themes separately linking Q.S. Yūsuf to food security and crisis management, and kanz to zakāt and economic ethics without offering clear criteria to distinguish legitimate saving from condemnable hoarding. By synthesizing classical and contemporary Sunni exegesis with Islamic economic literature, this study proposes four Qur’anic indicators: maqāṣid-oriented intention, maintenance of wealth circulation, fulfillment of obligatory rights (especially zakāt), and productivity or public benefit. It concludes that the Qur’an does not prohibit saving per se, but condemns accumulation that obstructs the social function and distributive obligations of wealth.